Thw German Constitutional Court (not 100% the same as the SC, as there are other highest courts for criminal/civil law "below" it and it deals with everything in relation to our constitution, e.g. if a certain sentence is even possible without violation constitutional rights):
- 2 Senates with 8 judges each (reduced from 12), with 6 sub-chambers of 3 judges each especially versed in a certain working on "smaller" complaints.
- full Senate rulings need at least 6 judges present, judges assign themself at the start of a trial and if someone has died or resigned (theoretically) and the number falls below 6 that way the case has to be re-tried.
- Senate rulings need 5/8 or in some cases a qualified two of three ruling (usually 6 out of 8); split 4-4 is possible, sadly
- Age limit of 68 and only one 12 year term is possible; while members of other highest courts are lifetime appointees if they want.
-qualifications needed are: 40 years or older, qualified to be a judge in Germany, meaning either law professor or full "law school"; in addition three judges in every senate MUST have been a member of one of the other high courts for at least three years -> several lifetimers are poached from other courts.
- half the judges are voted in by the Bundesrat, our parliament, the other by the Bundesrat - our Senate, if you will, i.e. representatives of our federal states's governments (only more inhabitants -> more representatives with a minimum ro protect smaller statea, even though their populations are less imbalanced than US states)
- The whole Bundestag votes on candidates in a secret vote, candidates are nominated by a 12 person committee selected following the proportional make-up of parties in the Bundestag. It used to be the committee votes on the judge instead of only nominating it, but the constitutional judges themselves declared that legal, but not transparent enough, so it recently got changed.
- Bundesrat nominates judges and votes on them by a gentlemen's agreement of party A - B - and now newly C thanks to our Green party getting in with enough votes to be a spoiler.
- The court is not allowed to create law, just examine existing legislation and strictly adheres to this code and insists not to overstep, even when both sides in a lawsuit demand a more concrete decision.
- This is one of the major "scandals" of the court, critics attack it as both too political and not political enough at the same time, just dependung on the side they fall on right now, but it has tremendous support in the population, is seen as one of our least-partisan and most humane institutions and served as a model for several other countries's constitutional courts. Apparently. I have to admit I never checkes the last claim, but school and uni lectures said so and I'm lazy enough to believe it.
I think it works pretty well.