The game market is so large and varied, it's hard to say. Super Mario Bros is a great choice, certainly, and got my vote. Platformers are long past their prime, though. But I'd argue it didn't just inflence platformers. Hell, I once made the case that it influenced Doom, with its episodic levels, distinctive enemies, and secret areas.
That would be D&D / Wizardry / dungeon crawler influence, not Mario. The id team were all huge D&D nerds and Carmack had made a few RPGs himself.