Since the Neolithic period, humans struggled to domesticate wild animals and use them as food sources (milk and meat), commodity manufacturers (silk and wool), protection, and transportation. There are three pathways described for domestication: commensal, prey, and direct pathways (
Zeder, 2012;
Figure 2). In the commensal pathway, the wild animals were attracted to anthropogenic habitats, mainly for human food waste or small prey, establishing a commensal relationship with humans. Dogs, cats, or chickens are some of the species that followed this pathway. In the prey pathway, humans start hunting some species like pigs and cattle for their meat in response to depletion of the local stock of these animals. Over time, these game management strategies developed into controlled breeding of these species. In the direct pathway, humans captured wild animals (horses, donkeys, and camelids) to obtain some resources by controlling their movements, their nutrition, and reproduction, which lead to a dramatic bottleneck (
Zeder, 2012).