So the characters seen in the trailer (outside of Shang-Chi)--
Awkwafina's character is named Katy, per press releases. She seems to be a new character created for the film with no comic counterpart. It looks like she's Shang-Chi's coworker at his valet job who is unaware of his past.
Meng'er Zhang's character is named Xialing, and she is Shang-Chi's sister. She seems to be based on the character Zheng Bao Yu (originally Fah Lo Suee before they lost the Fu Manchu rights) from the comics.
Tony Leung's character is named Wenwu, Shang-Chi's villainous father. The original press releases identified him as the true Mandarin. He is the leader of the Ten Rings organization. The ten rings themselves seem to have changed from actual rings to bracers on his forearms.
The character on the left is apparently Jiang Li per leaked merchandise--she is played by Fala Chen. No other information is known about her, she seems to be new to the film.
Death Dealer. Not known who is playing them, they seem to be one of Wenwu's top enforcers. The Death Dealer character from the comics was a minor Shang-Chi villain from way back. Interestingly they seem to be played by a woman here, the character was male in the comics.
Florian Munteanu as Razor Fist, a minor recurring Shang-Chi villain from the comics who has razor blades instead of hands (just on one hand in the film it seems). It looks like he is another of Wenwu's main enforcers here. There were actually three Razor Fists in the comics originally so it's unclear which Razor Fist in particular he's supposed to be, if that is elaborated on at all (probably won't be).