What do you call an injured runner? A cyclist. I joke. But actually, I'm an injured runner with a really shitty bike and I'm in the market to replace it. I'd say my max budget is $1,500. I'm basically looking for something that I can absolutely haul ass in and push hard on a tracked workout on my smartwatch, but I don't want to have to clip in any special shoes or anything like that. Just a basic bike I can grab from my garage and go on regular streets, loose gravel paths, paved paths, etc. but also get some decent mileage for a long, fast-paced weekend ride that's lightweight and can handle some ramped up, hard pedaling.
It's hard to answer this question. There's plenty of lists on the web with various bikes that fall within your budget, but I'm not sure how helpful they are in making a buying decision, so I'm just going to write out a few things on what to look for that may help you on your search (did a similar post before).
First off, don't worry about having to clip in, you can choose whatever pedal system you want, many bikes don't even come with pedals. After a pedal strike to the shin you may feel differently about clipping in than you do now (lol). You can always change your pedals.
It seems like you want to have flexibility in your riding, "off road" and on. Really, the only thing to pay attention to here is tire clearance. Current day "road bikes" accommodate much wider tires than they did in the recent past, but it still may not be enough, so you may want to look at some sort of gravel bike to give you more flexibility in clearance. At the end of the day, you probably want to use a different tire on road vs gravel. Although gravel tires on the road are fine, you probably don't want to ride slick road tires on loose gravel, so keep that in mind.
All these bikes have different geometries, it's tough to tell you which one will fit you well, and fit is really important. Manufacturers websites list recommended sizes based on your height and inseam, or some other metric, but usually they put you on a bike that may be too big. It's hard to adjust a bike that's too big for you, but you can probably make a smaller bike fit someone better, so don't go too big (proceed with caution). Ideally the shop selling you the bike should fit you up a bit, hopefully they're competent.
In your price range you're probably looking at an aluminum frame. Take the Specialized Crux Aluminum frame, it's out of your budget (it shouldn't be but specialized tax) and it's a really aggressive fit compared to something like the Cannondale Topstone, both will do what you want but I'm not sure the Crux is for everyone because it's pretty aggressive in the front. It's why I brought up fit earlier, hard to say get X, because it may not fit well. It may do what you want, but if the bike is too long for you, and you don't feel comfortable you're going to hate it.
There's plenty of frames that fall within your budget, I know Trek has a good return policy, you can ride it for 30 days and return it. Trek Domane/Checkpoint lines have aluminum models, and fall into your price range. Serpico, on the previous paged, mentioned he had a Cannondale Topstone, that probably falls into your range, along with the Cannondale Synapse (tire clearance may be smaller than the Topstone). Giant has the Revolt and the Contend (less tire clearance than Revolt). I'm not sure if Specialized does a decent entry level bike in your price range. Canyon does aluminimum bikes that probably fall in your range. Many to choose from, you can always post one and we can give our thoughts.
I'm not sure if this post helped much, I think my other post was better in some ways, worse in others, but hopefully you get something out of them. Feel free to follow up with questions, and hopefully others can chime in with their experience/advice. Good luck!