I don't think the problem is crowdfunding not working, but what the crowdfunding is far. If you wanna crowdfund part of the budget for making a specific thing, sure it could work. I haven't been in the loop for the Trigger Patreon stuff lately, but I should point out that it's silly to think there is any intention to use it to keep the studio afloat or to pay all employees with donations alone. Trigger isn't an indie studio, they are part of a larger network of studios owned under the Ultra Super Pictures umbrella. We're talking about direct ties to Good Smile Company, Max Factory, Nitroplus, etc.
The other thing to note is that the idea that anime studios suffer the most when things bomb is generally.... that an absolute truth. In many cases, the anime studio is the least impacted entity in a case where a show flops, because they are likely the party to have invested the least (or none) into the production. They mainly get paid to do the work. Especially in adaptations or new IPs fronted by big publishers in the hopes of hitting the jackpot on the Next Big Thing. The cases of studios literally dying from lack of funds tend to have to do with not being able to get work to support a healthy cashflow after expanding on manpower to produce projects. It's the same thing we see with independent middle-tier devs in the game space. Those who employ 100-200 people, and have to juggle 3-4 projects at a time from different publishers to keep everyone working. If they get a big contract that requires recruitment to staff up more, and then that project gets canned, they have to lay a bunch of people off, or in some cases if they took loans or whatever, they might even close. It's not because their games bombed, it's because they are no fully in control of their own destiny. Anime studios can be seen as basically an entire industry of independent middle-tier game devs.