Game of Thrones has, especially in recent times, descended into some seriously dumb as fuck writing, dialogue, character arcs, and narrative beats, but interpreting that scene explicitly or even marginally directly as "Rape makes a woman stronger" is particularly asinine and a woeful misread of the interaction taking place. Of all the questionable shit that this series has pumped out regarding the treatment of women, rampant sexploitation, and gross misuse of rape as a plot device, this is so far down the bottom of the list that I'd question if it's ever on it.
EDIT: To clarify my read on the scene so it doesn't seem like I'm just hand waving things, it all seemed pretty obvious to me. The Hound is shown in several scenes prior being a bitter, miserable cunt unwilling and unable to celebrate like those around him. He has no joyful investment in the victory or the celebration of life, because he doesn't care about his own. He's riddled with feelings of living a miserable, violent, awful life and unable to recognise the small amounts of good he has contributed. And like any miserable, self loathing sack of shit in this moment instead decides to lash out everyone. The scenes highlight this. He refuses to stand and celebrate, and he frightens off the woman making advancements. Easy to justify your misery and awful life when you're comfortable in everyone being afraid of you.
Sansa's approach is to explicitly contrast this. She used to be terrified of him, and now she's not. Sandor quickly picks up on this and in his drunken, miserable awfulness of which he has demonstrated literally countless times throughout the series grabs the most offensive, confronting thing he can to stab her with. Because a response of repulsion and fear is the only one that'll justify his bullshit.
And Sansa doesn't give it to him. She stares him down, takes his needless verbal shit, and moves on. And her highlighting of Littlefinger and Ramsay isn't her saying "I was raped and that was great because it made me strong!", it's recognising the encompassing awfulness of her life trajectory thus far and the strength she's leveraged from this exposure to the real world of Westeros, giving her the courage to be the person she is.
It's character contrast, because Sandor has also had a fucking awful, miserable life of bullshit and here is he looking at a character that's gone through arguably far worse and isn't totally broken because of it. Her rejection of "little dove" is a rejection of his infantilisation of her adult hood, and mocks his simplistic, juvenile perspective of her character and womanhood. Much in the same way that Ayra rejects Gendry. Neither will be reduced to hyper masculine traits of purity, innocents, and being broken as women. Both are strong because of the lives they've experienced, in all their greatness and awfulness.
Ayra and Sandor's interactions last episode strike similar parallels; the little girls who he once tried so hard to tire out with his miserable, self loathing masculinity have grown up and moved on from his bullshit. And it's about time he did too.
