If anyone wants to read more about behavioral economics and things like price anchoring they should read
Predictably Irrational by Dan Ariely.
He goes through a ton of cases of how marketing uses multiple options (tiered services), free options to manipulate the mind, and price anchoring to extract more money from consumers. It's all fascinating.
The one thing that got me was the simple Price Anchoring thought exercise. If you were to go to a car lot and buy a car for $20,000 and a block down the road they were selling the same car for $19,990 you'd probably say 'not worth it' but if you were buying a pen for $20 and it was $10 down the road you'd get your ass in the car and go save $10.
Tiered options, like having 3 different memory sizes for an iPhone is a simple trick to make the consumer feel better about buying the lower tier and anchroing them to a price. "Well at least I'm not buying the most expensive option," forgetting that the "cheap" option is still bad value. As a product line, if you only have one option, consumers don't have a sense of value and whether the value is appropriate or not. They begin to question it and may walk away altogether. By offering an inferior version or a super luxury version you are giving people something to compare to, they just forget it is relative.
Companies that offer deals like "Online only $19.99", "Print Only $24.99", "Bundle Deal! Online & Print $24.99" people just completely forget that they don't even want the print edition but they perceive they are getting more value and end up spending more.
We all think we are smarter than this, but we constantly still fail to recognize it's happening all the time. When planning for my wedding the price anchoring part hit home really bad. We way over spent on a ton of stuff that at the time seemed trivial because other big ticket items were involved. Same with purchasing a car.
"The researchers," McRaney explains, "would hold up a bottle of wine, or a textbook, or a cordless trackball and describe in detail how awesome it was. Then, each student had to write down the last two digits of [his or her] social security number as if it was the price of the item. If the last two digits were 11, then the bottle of wine was priced at $11. If the two numbers were 88, the cordless trackball was $88. After they wrote down the pretend price, they bid.
"Sure enough, the anchoring effect scrambled their ability to judge the value of the items. People with high social security numbers paid up to 346 percent more than those with low numbers. People with numbers from 80 to 99 paid on average $26 for the trackball, while those with 00 to 19 paid around $9."
I love this shit.
source:
Price Anchoring