They really didn't. This movie had an Iron Man supporting character bailing Pete out multiple times, a villain whose motivations were tied to Stark more than Peter, Pete has infinite resources for much of the movie (even the one time it feels like he's going to be seriously down on his luck a billion dollar private jet comes in, very Spider-Man!) and one of the main themes was about "who will carry on Iron Man's legacy." He makes the new suit with stark tech while Back in Black plays in the background for crying out loud.
None of the consequences had any lasting effect on Peter at all, unless you count the mid-credits scene, and we have no idea how that will even pay off or if they'll handwave it. For THIS movie nothing really stuck. It was the affectation of consequence without the actual consequence. Spidey *almost* ends up stranded in the Netherlands. Mysterio *almost* kills people as a result of Peter handing away Edith. Peter's classmate *almost* gets hurt as a result of him literally issuing a drone strike on him. Not-Nick-Fury *almost* stays mad at him about it. He even starts going out with MJ in the end, so we don't even really get the whole "superhero life/real life balance" consequence that the movie seemed to be trying really hard to sell! Still friends with Ned, his teachers/chaperones aren't mad at him, etc. I'm not saying it needs to be miserable but with both Homecoming and now this movie Peter just lucks his way out of situations when he should have to... take responsibility.