🤩 Content Warning: Mental Illness and Suicide 🤩
Hi, Era. I didn't see a thread for this and figured I'd make it. This is my very first one, though, so please be patient with me and anything I've missed. 🙏
So here it is. Some of you might be aware of May being Mental Health Awareness Month, which may beg the question of why we need this second occasion (on top of MHA Weeks in May and October, PLUS a dedicated day in October). I thought I'd make a thread about it. The simple answer is that the conversation is quieter around minorities, and that honestly doesn't explain much.
Minorities are just as likely, if not more likely, to have a mental health problems, so why? Below is a good primer.
19.1% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2018 (47.6 million people). This represents 1 in 5 adults.
4.6% of U.S. adults experienced serious mental illness in 2018 (11.4 million people). This represents 1 in 25 adults.
16.5% of U.S. youth aged 6-17 experienced a mental health disorder in 2016 (7.7 million people)
3.7% of U.S. adults experienced a co-occurring substance use disorder and mental illness in 2018 (9.2 million people)
Annual prevalence of mental illness among U.S. adults, by demographic group:
Non-Hispanic Asian: 14.7%
Non-Hispanic white: 20.4%
Non-Hispanic black or African-American: 16.2%
Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native: 22.1%
Non-Hispanic mixed/multiracial: 26.8%
Hispanic or Latino: 16.9%
Lesbian, Gay or Bisexual: 37.4%
Understanding Barriers to Minority Mental Health Care
A few breakdowns:
Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
Black/African-Americans
Latinx
Native Americans
Mixed-Race (not a comprehensive breakdown for the multiracial population, I realize, but sadly I couldn't find much in the way of stats)
Arab Americans (also not comprehensive, but raises several important points)
LGBT+
Minorities are more likely to experience risk factors and greater difficulty seeking medical assistance, never mind bias/cultural ignorance in the medical community.
A few breakdowns:
Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
Black/African-Americans
Latinx
Native Americans
Mixed-Race (not a comprehensive breakdown for the multiracial population, I realize, but sadly I couldn't find much in the way of stats)
Arab Americans (also not comprehensive, but raises several important points)
LGBT+
If you prefer visual bullet points to reading, here are some fun (sad) infographics!
Source
Of particular note is the fact that LGBT+ youth are two to three times as likely to 1. have a mental health issue and 2. attempt suicide. This graphic is a little outdated, but a lot of the other information remains pertinent, I think.
Source
As per this infographic, I'd like to point out more:
Same deal on datedness as above, but about 1 in 3 people identifies as a minority. One in three, y'all.
LGBT+ people are at greater risk of substance abuse disorders, and they're even less likely to receive/finish treatment if they're also racial/ethnic minorities.
Not to mention discrimination and prejudice.
Anyway, there are numerous ways to combat these issues. The most obvious is also, perhaps, the most important: talk about it. The other major one, in my opinion, is learning about mental health issues, confessions, and crisis response. Let's put a pin on this one.* Some others are simply minding your language around the subject, encouraging screenings/tests, and donating time or money if you're able.
If you're interested in learning even more about why intersectional psychology is important, here are some good places to start. These are chiefly referring to minority experiences in the U.S., mind you.
Disparities within Minority Mental Healthcare
Intersectionality of Mental Health and Race
Intersectionality and What It Means for Mental Health
Achieving Excellence through Diversity in Psychology and Counseling
Intersectionality of Mental Health and Race
Intersectionality and What It Means for Mental Health
Achieving Excellence through Diversity in Psychology and Counseling
As for seeking assistance on Era, we happen to have a couple of compilations of resources! These have been put together chiefly by Ms. Ketkat and Ms. Pau, and with COVID-19 still having a devastating effect on peoples' mental health, I feel they're more than worth a quote.
Resources
(If you have any you would like to see here, please let me know)
Anxiety - The family of anxiety disorders include generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common and is characterised by persistent, excessive worrying about everyday events and activities which the person finds difficult to control.
https://adaa.org/tips
https://www.heysigmund.com/dealing-with-anxiety-anxious-mind-calm/
https://thiswayup.org.au/how-do-you-feel/worried/
Breathing Exercises - Breathing exercises are useful for when you feel anxiety or panic coming on strongly and need a method to calm down. They are most useful when used in conjunction with other coping mechanisms, but taking the time to breathe can really help.
http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/455888/26924003/1458405625530/3+anxiety+breathing+techniques.jpg?token=0h4JvINrRaiDTyQ3OJhUp/d5Fy8=
https://cdn.doyouyoga.com/wp/2016/12/giphy.gif
Depression - Depression is a disorder that is evidenced by excessive sadness, loss of interest in enjoyable things, and low motivation.
https://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/coping-with-depression.htm
https://thiswayup.org.au/how-do-you-feel/sad/
Mindfulness - Mindfulness is about paying attention in a particular way – on purpose, in the present moment and without judgment with the goal of helping you focus and create a space between our feelings and the actions we use to respond to them.
https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/benefits-of-mindfulness/
https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/mindfulness-exercises-techniques-activities/
Negative Thoughts - Negative thinking is a thought process where people tend to find the worst in everything, or reduce their expectations by considering the worst possible scenarios. This approach can allay disappointment in some situations; but, negative thinking tends to manifest into a pattern that can cause tremendous stress, worry, or sadness over time
https://www.klearminds.com/blog/cognitive-distortions-thinking-errors-can-cbt-help/
http://www.cognitivetherapyguide.org/negative-thinking-patterns.htm
http://www.cognitivetherapyguide.org/thought-review-thought-record.htm
Self Esteem/Self-Worth - Self-esteem is used to describe a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words, how much you appreciate and like yourself.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/raising-low-self-esteem/
Therapists
(USA)
www.Openpathcollective.org ($49 one time fee, $30 - $50 per session)
www.psychologytoday.com
Podcasts
Hilarious World of Depression (https://www.apmpodcasts.org/thwod/)
A show about clinical depression...with laughs? Well, yeah. Depression is an incredibly common and isolating disease experienced by millions, yet often stigmatized by society. The Hilarious World of Depression is a series of frank, moving, and, yes, funny conversations with top comedians who have dealt with this disease, hosted by veteran humorist and public radio host John Moe. Join guests such as Maria Bamford, Paul F. Tompkins, Andy Richter, and Jen Kirkman to learn how they've dealt with depression and managed to laugh along the way. If you have not met the disease personally, it's almost certain that someone you know has, whether it's a friend, family member, colleague, or neighbor. Depression is a vicious cycle of solitude and stigma that leaves people miserable and sometimes dead. Frankly, we're not going to put up with that anymore. The Hilarious World of Depression is not medical treatment and should not be seen as a substitute for therapy or medication. But it is a chance to gain some insight, have a few laughs, and realize that people with depression are not alone and that together, we can all feel a bit better.
The Mental Health Happy Hour (https://mentalpod.com/)
The Mental Illness Happy Hour is a weekly online podcast that interviews comedians, artists, friends, and the occasional doctor. Each episode explores mental illness, trauma, addiction and negative thinking.
My Three Shrinks (http://mythreeshrinks.com/)
My Three Shrinks is a podcast by three psychiatrists, each with a different perspective.
Dinah is a private practice psychiatrist who does psychotherapy.
ClinkShrink is a forensic psychiatrist who practices in a correctional setting.
Roy is a consultation-liaison psychiatrist who practices in a general hospital doing consults on medically-admitted patients and also in the emergency department.
The podcast comes out as often as we can do them, which is usually somewhere between weekly and monthly. We do try to have specific topics, but are pretty free-wheeling, even rambling, as we discuss topics related to psychiatry, medicine, health care, practice issues, ethics, weather, bad hair, ducks, etc. We tend to be on the sarcastic and humorous side, and we spout bad puns for sport.
Apps
Calm
Calm is an app that is designed for helping guide the user through mindfulness, meditation, as well as containing breathing exercises and stories to help you feel asleep.
Calm Harm
Calm Harm is an award-winning app developed for teenage mental health charity stem4 by Dr Nihara Krause, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, using the basic principles of an evidence-based therapy called Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT).
Calm Harm provides tasks to help you resist or manage the urge to self-harm. You can make it private by setting a password, and personalise the app if you so wish. You will be able to track your progress and notice change.
Please note the app is an aid in treatment but does not replace it.
Headspace
Headspace is an app dedicated to guiding you through meditation and practicing mindfulness to help you train your ability to be present and engage in the here and now.
Books
10% Happier by Dan Harris
After having a nationally televised panic attack, Dan Harris knew he had to make some changes. A lifelong nonbeliever, he found himself on a bizarre adventure involving a disgraced pastor, a mysterious self-help guru, and a gaggle of brain scientists. Eventually, Harris realized that the source of his problems was the very thing he always thought was his greatest asset: the incessant, insatiable voice in his head, which had propelled him through the ranks of a hypercompetitive business, but had also led him to make the profoundly stupid decisions that provoked his on-air freak-out.
Eventually Harris stumbled upon an effective way to rein in that voice, something he always assumed to be either impossible or useless: meditation, a tool that research suggests can do everything from lower your blood pressure to essentially rewire your brain. 10% Happier takes readers on a ride from the outer reaches of neuroscience to the inner sanctum of network news to the bizarre fringes of America's spiritual scene, and leaves them with a takeaway that could actually change their lives.
Anxiety as an Ally by Dan Ryckert
After experiencing his first panic attack on New Year's Day of 2003, Dan Ryckert began a 12-year process of learning how to channel panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder until they became driving forces in his life. Using anxiety as his ally, he was able to land dream jobs within the video game industry and vastly improve the quality of his personal life.
Hotlines
If you or someone you know is struggling with suicidal ideation or self-harm, then please call one of the hotlines listed below. These are trained professionals that can help you find local resources as well as get you the help that you need.
US National Suicide Hotlines: 1-800-SUICIDE (784-2433) or 1-800-273-TALK (8255)
Hotlines by state
Canada http://ospn.ca/
and the Mental Health Helpline - http://www.mentalhealthhelpline.ca/
https://www.ontario.ca/page/get-medical-advice-telehealth-ontario
1-866-797-0000
UK Samaritans Charity 08457 90 90 90*
Northern Ireland Lifeline: 0808 808 8000
Australia LifeLine 13 11 14
New Zealand Crisis Contacts
Crisis centers by country.
The Trevor Project 866 488 7386
"providing crisis intervention and suicide prevention services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth"
Veterans Crisis Line 1-800-273-8255 PRESS 1
"I still see my hands coming off the railing," he said. As he crossed the chord in flight, Baldwin recalls, "I instantly realized that everything in my life that I'd thought was unfixable was totally fixable—except for having just jumped."
Places to find help
US
NAMI
UK
SANE
EU
EUFAMI
COVID-19 Mental Health Resources and Discussion COVID
We know there are a plethora of threads about COVID-19 already, but we’d like to provide a space specifically for mental health resources and discussion during this time. We’d like to remind our community to be mindful that everyone reacts differently to stressful situations, and that the...
www.resetera.com
It also goes without saying that we have a Mental Health OT if people want to discuss or vent about things elsewhere. See here.
Here's a bit more about warning signs irrespective of minority status.
I'm not going to throw a bunch of articles explaining mental illness at you here (though if you want to know more about what causes them, here you go!). I will, however, return to that pinned point (*) and share some articles and anecdotes I feel are helpful for those interested in learning how to communicate about mental health problems and concerns, whether or not it's with someone who lives with an illness. It's rather simple...but also not.
How Not to Talk to People about Mental Illness
From Those with Mental Illnesses
8 Ways Kids Get a Mental Health Boost from Playing Outside
Just a few hours outside can have a major impact for kids and teens.
www.healthline.com
What not to say to someone with a complex mental health issue.
It's a sad reality that people living with a complex mental health issue will hear inappropriate comments, sometimes at a time when they are struggling.A glib, flippant or offhand comment – whether born of ignorance, awkwardness, or arrogance – can cut to the bone and leave people questioning...
www.sane.org
14 Things to Never Say to Someone with Depression
Even if you have the best of intentions, offering these tidbits of advice to people with depression may hurt more than it helps.
www.thehealthy.com
What Not to Say to Someone With a Mental Illness - Encounter Telehealth
Living with a mental illness is difficult. It's important to be supportive of a friend who is struggling and not make things harder on them.
www.encounter.health
And now for something different: What TO Say
9 Ways to Support People With Mental Illness — That Aren't Just Reposting the Suicide Hotline
"As someone who struggles with daily suicidal ideation, I cannot say I ever felt supported because a Facebook friend reposted a prewritten status."
themighty.com
10 things to say to someone with a mental health problem
Recently I’ve come across a number of articles/blog posts about what not to say to a friend/loved one with certain mental health problems. Whilst these are useful, as it’s hard to know what comments could affect others more than you, constantly hearing ‘don’t say this’ and ‘don’t say that’ can...
www.time-to-change.org.uk
Ten Commandments for How to Talk About Mental Health
Focus on the person, not their illness.
www.psychologytoday.com
What to Do When You Say the Wrong Thing to Someone with Mental Illness
When you say something insensitive or harmful to someone with mental illness, it’s important to recognize it, apologize and educate yourself.
www.nami.org
How to support someone with a mental health problem
We all go through tough times and people help us through them. Other times we have been worried about other people’s mental health.
www.mentalhealth.org.uk
Source (mainly about suicide but also applies to mental distress in general). Please DON'T click on this or the Helpguide link below if you think it'll be a trigger.
Yes, I realize a lot of these are repetitive. I'd also like to point out that some things are more bothersome than others for some; these are general guidelines. If you aren't sure if someone will respond well to something, it's okay to ask. :)
For more information, here are a few more resources.
Mental Health America | Homepage
Mental Health America is the nation's leading national nonprofit dedicated to the promotion of mental health, well-being, and illness prevention.
www.mhanational.org
Home | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness
NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, is the nation’s largest grassroots mental health organization dedicated to building better lives for the millions of Americans affected by mental illness.
nami.org
Beyond Blue
Beyond Blue provides information and support to help everyone in Australia achieve their best possible mental health.
beyondblue.org.au
Here is a primer on suicide prevention for anyone who thinks it may be helpful.
A lot of this information is general, but I think one point more or less remains the same across different sociocultural groups: we ought to be more cognizant of the challenges coming between people and better health, as well as how one's life and background can have an effect on how they seek help and receive it, assuming they can. This isn't to exclude cishet white people from the conversation, but rather to remind everyone that people's needs differ across social strata—and when you aren't a cishet white person, it's often more difficult to seek and receive help. Relatively speaking, of course.
This is especially pertinent given all the violent racism, vile oppression of black people, and continued domination of institutional systems that tell minorities their health isn't that important, if it acknowledges their health at all. We're living in a world – the U.S. to no small degree, but the globe in general – that actively preys on minorities for reasons that have no basis in reality and/or are way out of their control. There's never been a better time to listen and get the word out to others, so how about give minority mental health more of the recognition and attention it deserves?
One thing nonetheless remains true regardless of where you "belong" in the sociocultural sense: mental illness does not care who you are. To paraphrase one Miyah Byrd, mental illness is equal opportunity: it does not discriminate.
Anyway, my hope is that this will be a safe space for discussion. Please feel free to add anything I missed!
And, in case this wasn't clear, yes, you are welcome to ask. Yes, you are welcome to participate if you aren't a minority. If you're comfortable sharing your experiences (please be aware that this site has...a lot of eyes on it), this is your stop! 💜
Black Lives Matter.
Last but not least,
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