You have ever right to be mad but takes like this are what's wrong with the current social atmosphere. You've lumped every single person into one category.
How are you comparing a surgeon to a comedian and expect them to except the same level of wrong.
Be subjective, just because you don't agree with one thing doesn't mean everyone has done wrong falls into the same category.
I'm not saying that they're the same level of wrong. Read that again without the victim complex.
What I'm saying is that every one of those roles are judged as being successes or failures on some kind of metric. A doctor trying to diminish those that harm them for malpractice would be trashed because the entire point of the doctor is to make people well; if they harm people as a result of their incompetence, we judge them poorly as a doctor.
Dave Chappelle's role as a comedian is to affect his audience. It's to make them laugh, or to make them think. The supposed reason why we celebrate edgy comics is because they understand the topics that they're touching and are elegant enough in addressing it that they can navigate around the concerns that people have about joking about the issue.
When Dave Chappelle approaches edgy topics with so little understanding or elegance that he tries to get applauded the same way he was before and instead is criticized as a bigot,
it speaks poorly of him as a comedian. He could have created different material, or handled this a different way, or so on, in order to get a more favourable reaction.
What Dave Chappelle is doing here is throwing the onus on the reception of his material not on himself as the creator of the material, the person whose success is entirely based on being able to get a chosen reaction from his audience and his ability to handle the topic, but on the audience. Because he's big enough to throw his weight around, he's trying to leverage that authority so that he can't be judged regardless of whether another comic would be viewed as a failure for the same thing.
The severity has nothing to do with it. When popular comedians pull this sort of act, it's because they want to get all of the rewards for being skilled comedians who can navigate risky territory, without having to deal with the risk or showcase the skills that they managed in order to get the rewards in the first place. If Dave Chappelle doesn't like the criticism that he gets, he's perfectly capable of the same way that he's handle a joke that doesn't get more laughs: rethink his material.