Saudi Arabia still owes about $3.4 billion in late payments for Canadian-produced Light Armoured Vehicles (LAVs), according to the latest quarterly financial results released by General Dynamics last week.
The Liberal government endorsed a controversial deal, made by the previous Conservative government in 2014, to supply the Saudis with hundreds of LAV 6.0 advanced combat vehicles used to transport troops on the battlefield.
The LAVs are wheeled military vehicles armed with various weapons, including automatic cannons, machine guns, mortars and anti-tank missiles. They're being produced by General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada (GDLS-C) at its plant in London, Ontario.
The roughly $14-billion contract was brokered and is being managed by the Canadian Commercial Corporation (CCC), a Crown corporation that helps Canadian companies in aerospace, defence, infrastructure and other sectors land contracts with foreign governments.
According to General Dynamics' quarterly earnings statements, the Saudi late payment debt has been growing by $200 million every quarter since the beginning of the year.
According to CCC's website, "every contract signed has the legal effect of being signed in the name of the Government of Canada, providing foreign government buyers with the assurance that the contract will be delivered per the agreed terms and conditions, guaranteed."
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That arrangement means that the exporting company acts as a subcontractor and gets paid by the federal government — once Ottawa receives payment from the foreign purchaser.
During a third-quarter earnings call with market analysts on Oct. 23, General Dynamics Corp chairperson and CEO Phebe Novakovic admitted that the payments from Saudi Arabia "have remained slow."
"There's no dispute on the fact that it is owed," Novakovic said. "It's simply a question of timing. And we're still hopeful that we resolve that by the end of the year."
However, it's not clear whether Canadian taxpayers might be on the hook for any interest and late payment fees accrued by the Saudis, according to experts.
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David Perry is vice president of the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, an independent foreign policy think-tank. He said the problem with late payments has been known for a while — but experts were surprised by their sheer scope of the unpaid sum.
"Ultimately, right now, it's not the government of Canada in the short term that is on the hook. It's not the taxpayers. It's actually the company that's facing the impact of this payment shortfall more so than taxpayers," Perry said.
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To help General Dynamics deal with the financial shortfall, the federal government announced on Aug. 16 that it would provide a repayable loan of up to $650 million to the company as it "navigates a challenging and dynamic international defence market," officials with Global Affairs Canada said in an email.
On that same date, the federal government announced its intention to acquire 360 LAVs for the Canadian Armed Forces, which already operate a fleet of older LAV models. The $1.7-billion contract was formally awarded to General Dynamics on Sept. 5.
Work has begun on the program and General Dynamics expects to begin deliveries to the Canadian military in the first quarter of 2021, Novakovic said.
"The loan issue is a bit curious because there has been, as best as I can tell, absolutely no information put out about what specifically that's for," Perry said. "It seems very much like it's tied in to this deal with Saudi Arabia."
The deal for the purchase of 360 LAVs for the Canadian military could be linked to the wider deal to sell these combat systems to Saudi Arabia and the late payment issue, Perry said.
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It's not clear why the oil-rich kingdom is late in its payments. Saudi officials did not respond to Radio Canada International's request for comment on the matter.
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However, despite the diplomatic crisis and criticism of the deal by human rights and civil society groups in Canada, the Liberal government has refused to cancel the LAV deal with Saudi Arabia.
Freeland has said that a review of all export permits to Saudi Arabia is ongoing and no final decision has been made. During this review, no new permits have been issued, she said.
According to Global Affairs Canada statistics, Saudi Arabia was Canada's largest non-U.S. destination for military exports in 2018, receiving approximately $1.2 billion in Canadian product.