Here's a gear guide for FL4K
Here's a spreadsheet of all the legendaries in the game and where their dedicated drop source is:
In past BL games TVHM was mandatory to get to level 50 and have scaled content but that isn't a thing now. I think the enemy health and damage values are exactly the same, the only thing that's different is the drop rate is very slightly improved and the elemental modifiers are different.
This can actually make TVHM slightly easier if you always element match. However I never even bothered going to TVHM and probably won't before the cutscene skip patch comes. It's a whole lot of time and effort that doesn't seem worth it. The one benefit it has over normal mode is you can reset all the quests again so you can get level 50 main quest rewards (which don't have anointments though and will be outdated when a level cap increase comes) and level 50 side quest rewards (assuming you did that particular side quest in the main game already and aren't planning on saving it for a later character down the line.
Endgame consists of a few things. Beyond maxing out all the SDUs and getting all the guardian rank perks + adding more guardian rank percentage bonuses there's
- not really an endgame type thing but I like to 100% the maps so that's discovering all locations, getting all the eridian writing/claptrap parts/crew challenges etc.
- the proving grounds which are short ~10 minute quests that have you fight in 3 different areas then go to a final boss and a chest at the end. There's 6 different ones each with different enemy types
- the circle of slaughters. There's 3 of these (one for beasts, one for bandits and one for maliwan) and these are wave based arena fights that are noticeably longer ~35-45 minutes but generally have more loot than proving grounds.
- the Maliwan Takedown raid. A series of mobs and 2 boss fights the second of which is probably the hardest fight in the game right now. For the next two weeks the difficulty is scaled to the amount of players but outside of that it's always scaled to 4 people so doing it on mayhem 4 solo is easily the hardest thing in the game
- farming specific bosses and mini-bosses for loot. People do these generally for their dedicated drops. There are a ton of them and thankfully currently all of the "rare spawn" ones have a much higher chance to actually spawn (might be 100%)
Basically the goal is to get an entire set of god roll gear for a specific build. That's weapons with the best possible parts that you want (it varies on personal taste/build/enemy you're facing etc.) for most DPS or utility or whatever along with the best anointment possible for your gear.
Everything can roll an anointment except for class mods. Anointments on weapons only count if you have that specific weapon equipped and in your hand but anointments for shields, grenades and artifacts (actually wait idr if artifacts have anointments on them) are always active. Or at least, it's always possible for them to be active no matter what weapon you have since a lot of them have specific triggers to activate (on action skill end, during x action skill, after killing an enemy etc.)