Almost 90% of people are biased against women, according to a new index that highlights the "shocking" extent of the global backlash towards gender equality.
Despite progress in closing the equality gap, 91% of men and 86% of women hold at least one bias against women in relation to politics, economics, education, violence or reproductive rights.
The first gender social norm index analysed data from 75 countries that, collectively, are home to more than 80% of the global population. It found that almost half of people feel men are superior political leaders and more than 40% believe men make better business executives. Almost a third of men and women think it's acceptable for a man to beat his wife.
The UN Development Programme (UNDP), which published its findings on Thursday, is calling on governments to introduce legislation and policies that address engrained prejudice.
"We all know we live in a male-dominated world, but with this report we are able to put some numbers behind these biases," said Pedro Conceição, director of the UNDP's human development report office. "And the numbers, I consider them shocking.
"What our report shows is a pattern that repeats itself again and again. Big progress in more basic areas of participation and empowerment. But when we get to more empowering areas, we seem to be hitting a wall."
Of the 75 countries studied, there were only six in which the majority of people held no bias towards women. But while more than 50% of people in Andorra, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden were free from gender prejudice, even here the pattern was not one of unmitigated progress.
Sweden, for example, was one of several countries – including South Africa, India, Rwanda and Brazil – in which the percentage of people who held at least one bias increased over the nine years the data covered. More than half of people in the UK and the US held at least one bias.
"UNDP is very conscious of the backlash against women's rights. We are aware and we are concerned, so we think the report … is an answer to push back the pushback," said Raquel Lagunas, acting director of UNDP's gender team. "We cannot pick and choose, [saying]: 'These human rights are for women, and these ones are not.'"
Nine out of 10 people found to be biased against women
Analysis of 75 countries reveals ‘shocking’ scale of global women’s rights backlash
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The full report here:
Still a long way to go and lots of progress to be made before women are truly treated as equals around the world.